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New Order of Cincinnatus
The New Order of Cincinnatus (NOOC) was a young men's political organization established in Seattle, Washington in the 1930s. The short-lived "conservative and moralistic reform group"〔Kit Oldham, (Langlie, Arthur B. (1900-1966) ), HistoryLink, January 11, 2004. Accessed online 9 August 2008.〕 was a municipal party that challenged both the Democratic and Republican parties, electing David Lockwood (in 1934) and Frederick G. Hamley, a lawyer, public official and judge,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guide to the Frederick G. Hamley Papers 1933-1963 )〕 and Arthur Langlie (in 1935) to the Seattle City Council.〔Nard Jones (1972), ''Seattle'', Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-01875-4. p. 209–210. Jones says "George Lockwood", but (Seattle City Council Members, 1869-Present Chronological Listing ), Seattle City Archives, accessed 9 August 2009, says "David E. Lockwood".〕 Lockwood, age 26 at the time of his election, was the youngest person ever to sit on the council.〔Chuck Taylor, (Ralph B. Potts, Political Reformer, Attorney And Promoter Of The Arts ), ''Seattle Times'', April 19, 1991. Accessed online 9 August 2008.〕 In 1938, Langlie became Seattle mayor, but by then the NOOC was fading.〔 During its brief existence, the group spread beyond Seattle, and was active in Tacoma, Washington, Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco.〔(Preliminary Guide to the Russell O. Vognild Papers ), University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for Tacoma.〕〔(Preliminary Guide to the Corbett McLean Papers ), University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for Portland.〕〔(Preliminary Guide to the George McLaughlin Papers ), University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for San Francisco.〕
==The nature of NOOC==
An outgrowth of Seattle's non-partisan Municipal League,〔David Wilma, (Depression, The Great, 1929-1939 ), HistoryLink, March 5, 2002. Accessed online 9 August 2008.〕 named for the Roman farmer and statesman Cincinnatus, the NOOC was founded in September 1933 by approximately 10 young men including Seattle attorney Ralph Bushnell Potts.〔〔〔; Potts gives a detailed account of discussions beginning in August leading to formal founding in September.〕 Potts, who Richard C. Berner describes as the "prime mover and first commander" of the NOOC, had resigned from the presidency of the Consolidated Republican Clubs of King County to start the group.〔 The NOOC's idealistic, mostly middle-class professional supporters reacted against both political corruption and labor unionism. They required the candidates they supported to disaffiliate from the established political parties and to limit campaign contributions to US$25.〔 A May 1934 NOOC leaflet called for a "rebirth of political idealism among the younger citizens of America… ()he major political parties have become nothing but job-hunting cliques… Cincinnatus advocates a Spartan-like devotion to honesty, efficiency, and ability in government."〔Frederick G. Hamley Papers, University of Washington Library, Box 18-1, quoted in 〕 The group called for a reduction of 40% in Seattle city taxes,〔 in a context where the city had already made large cuts: by the time the NOOC had a significant foothold on the city council, opposing councilman James Scavotto could argue that the city had already cut operating costs 50% in five years.
The NOOC also advocated a vastly increased state-level police constabulary, with no intermediate levels between the state and municipalities. This police force would consist entirely of men under age 40, trained by a State Police School, and enlisting for a military-style four-year term rather than being free to resign at any time.〔
The NOOC restricted its membership to men ages 21 to 35,〔〔 indicates that those who "enlisted" before the age of 35 were allowed to remain members until they turned 40, and that there was eventually a notion of "auxiliary" status for older men and for women.〕 and was organized along military lines〔 to the point of resembling a fascist organization.〔 By December 1933, Potts had built the NOOC into an organization with 17 divisions in Washington State each headed by a "captain"; statewide officers were "majors" and "colonels". In early 1934, 50 Cincinnatans marched to city hall to file three candidate petitions for city council, all of them dressed in white shirts and green and yellow headpieces (the colors of Seattle's Roosevelt High School).〔 They used a slightly rewritten version of Sigmund Romberg's "Stout Hearted Men" as their anthem. This "proto-fascist" style was a matter of tension within the organization from the outset. NOOC councilman Frederick Hamley's diary indicates that he and his fellow councilman David Lockwood generally disliked this aspect of the group and focused mainly on local municipal issues. In February 1934 they and others defeated a proposal that the members of the organization should routinely stand and salute Potts when he entered the room.〔
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